Zimbabwe

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Zimbabwe is a beautiful and usually safe country to visit. It boasts the majestic Victoria Falls, magnificent wildlife preserves and the medieval ruins of Great Zimbabwe, as well as the bustling city of Harare.

Zimbabwe Facts & Figures

Zimbabwe is renowned for its beautiful wildlife sanctuaries, including Hwange National Park, Mana Pools National Park, Matopos National Park and Matusadona National Park. Zimbabwe is equally famous for Victoria Falls and the Zambezi River.

Zimbabwe is gifted with a pleasant climate, and Africa's finest professional guides, who lead canoe safaris, games drives, photo safaris, and walking safaris. Zimbabwe has two ethnic groups, the Ndebele and the Shona, and each group has a rich history of cultural traditions. Ndebele artisans produce baskets, painted murals and Mzilikazi pottery, while Shona sculpture has achieved international recognition.

Named after the famous 14th-century stone city of Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe was formerly known as Southern Rhodesia. The economy is diversified, with sizable agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and tourism sectors.

about Zimbabwe


Attractions

Zimbabwe is a captivating land of spectacular scenery, dramatic natural attractions, mysterious ancient civilisations and wonderfully diverse wildlife destinations. Zimbabwe is renowned for its beautiful wildlife sanctuaries, including Hwange National Park, Mana Pools National Park, Matopos National Park and Matusadona National Park. Zimbabwe is equally famous for Victoria Falls and the Zambezi River, as well as the medieval ruins of Great Zimbabwe and the bustling city of Harare.


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Hwange National Park
Hwange National Park
Zimbabwe’s largest national park was established in 1929, in an area that was unsuitable for agriculture. Hwange ranks among the finest of Africa's game reserves, and has as great a diversity of wildlife as any conservation area in the world. Hwange is situated on nearly 2 million hectares of Kalahari Sand, and holds no permanent water. Game viewing is excellent, with large populations of large and small mammals, and particularly high concentrations of elephant and buffalo.

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Matusadona National Park
Matusadona National Park
Situated on the shores of Lake Kariba, Matusadona National Park is one of the last wild sanctuaries of the endangered black rhino, and has the highest natural population density of lions in Africa. Matusadona is ideal walking safari territory. Over 50,000 animals were relocated during the filling of Lake Kariba, in a project called Operation Noah.

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Mana Pools National Park
Mana Pools National Park
The magic of Mana Pools, a magnificent national park along the Zambezi River, stems from its remoteness and pervading sense of the wild and natural. The word 'mana' means four in the Shona language, and refers to the four pools here that are popular with crocodiles and hippos. The central difference everywhere in Mana is that nowhere is fenced in, so there can be elephants strolling by while you have your breakfast. This is what sets Mana Pools apart from just about any other safari park in the world and makes it a truly magical experience. You're also allowed to walk around without a guide, as you can see for miles around.

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Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls National Park
Victoria Falls is a World Heritage Site, and one of the seven natural wonders of the world. The falls, flowing at just under 33 million cubic meters per second at peak during April, are truly spectacular, and represent the largest curtain of falling water on earth. The Zambezi River enters a gorge on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia, creating Victoria Falls. The falls are over a mile wide, and drop as much as 420 feet. Locals call the falls Mosi-oa-Tunya (the smoke that thunders).


Accommodations

From classic tented camps, to mobile safaris, to luxurious lodges, Zimbabwe offers a wide range of accommodations.


Matetsi Game Lodges
Set on the lush banks of the great Zambezi River, Matetsi Water Lodge comprises three separate intimate camps, each with just six elegant suites with private plunge pools and decks. Separately, with twelve luxurious canvas suites, Matetsi Safari Camp is set at the edge of an open grassland and elevates luxury tented safaris to new heights.

The Hide
The Hide offers the ultimate African experience, and is situated on a private concession within Hwange National Park. Accommodations are luxurious East African style canvas tents, each ideally positioned for wildlife viewing at the pans (shallow dry lakes). Guests can also spend a night at Dove’s Nest, nestled in a large Leadwood Tree in the open plains. Meals are served in elegance and style. Two photographic hides assure close-up images for photographers. Accompanied by a professional guide, guests begin the day with an early morning walk or drive, and conclude each evening with an unforgettable night drive, to watering holes at the pan.

Musango Safari Camp
Musango Safari Camp is located on its own private island, near Matusadona National Park. The lodge is built under thatch, with luxurious, well-appointed safari tents. Musango also operates an eight-bed private tented bush camp, called Maronga, inside Matusadona National Park. Boasting the highest ratio of guides to guests on Lake Kariba, Musango offers game walks and drives into Matusadona National Park, wildlife cruises and canoeing trips on Lake Kariba, fishing trips for the famous fighting tiger fish, cultural village trips, and visits to the black rhino orphanage.


Zimbabwe at a Glance

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Subsistence Farming
Economy
Zimbabwe grows sugar, fruit, maize and tobacco. An estimated 8 percent of the land is cultivated. Zimbabwe is rich in minerals. Gold has been mined since ancient times, and the country has deposits of chrome, asbestos, and copper. Explosive population growth has put significant pressure on land use in Zimbabwe. Aggressive farming and overgrazing have led to soil erosion. Debt has risen sharply since independence in 1980, and has been accompanied by very high rates of inflation. In 1990 Zimbabwe agreed to an International Monetary Fund (IMF) Structural Adjustment Program. Government expenditures were reduced, but unemployment has risen dramatically.

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Education
Education
The government has worked towards free, compulsory education for all children. With half the population of the country less than 15 years of age, there has been massive growth in the number of schools. Education accounts for approximately 20 percent of government expenditure. Nearly all school-age children attend primary school. An estimated 58 percent go on to secondary school, a high rate in Africa.

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Lake Kariba
Geography
Zimbabwe occupies part of the great plateau in southern Africa. A broad ridge known as the High Veld runs across the country, and is covered with rich farmland. The average elevation is about 5,000 feet. The hot and humid valleys of the Zambezi and Limpopo River are infested with tsetse flies. These areas are known as the Middle Veld. The eastern border includes the Nyanga and Chimanimani Mountains, with a maximum elevation of 8,500 feet.

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Harare
Government
In 1980, the new constitution declared Zimbabwe a majority-rule republic, and guarantees the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. The head of state and government is an executive president, who is elected by direct popular vote. The current president is Robert Mugabe, who has led the country since independence.

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Healthcare
Healthcare
Life expectancy at birth is now 37 years, down from 59 years in 1985. This drastic decline is largely attributable to the AIDS epidemic that began in the late 1980s. AIDS cases have increased dramatically over the last decade. Nearly 20 percent of Zimbabwe's adult population is infected, according to the World Health Organization.


People of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe has hundreds of stone ruins, including Great Zimbabwe. The Shona tradition of carving green and brown serpentine stone has inspired a thriving modern industry. Traditional Shona music, which makes use of the mbira and the marimba, has been revived since independence. Shona and Ndebele art forms are becoming well-known outside of Africa.


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Daily Life
Daily Life
Zimbabwe has inherited many traits from its colonial past, but traditional rondavels (round thatched huts made of wood) are still preferred in rural areas. Sadza, a stiff porridge made from maize meal, is served at almost every meal. Various local vegetables (muriwo) are served as garnishes, and chicken (huku) and goat meat (mbudzi) are eaten when available. Locally grown fruit, such as mangoes, bananas, melons, guavas, and papayas are enjoyed at various times of the year. In rural areas it is customary to eat with the fingers. Alcohol consumption is heavy. Although bottled beer is available, most rural inhabitants prefer chibuku, locally brewed and served in large cardboard containers. Shona greetings include lengthy inquiries about family members. It is common to clasp a friend’s hands, when asking about his or her welfare. In rural areas, direct eye contact during conversation is considered disrespectful. Traditional greetings include Mangwanani! Marara se? (Good morning), Masikati, maswera se? (Good afternoon), and Moroii, makadini wo? (Hello stranger).

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Shona
Shona
The origin of the Shona people is unknown, although they were the first Bantu-speaking people in the area. The Shona hold most important political positions in modern Zimbabwean politics. Shona sculpture, produced by contemporary Shona artists, has gained international recognition as a fine art form.

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Ndebele
Ndebele
The Ndebele speak a language similar to Zulu. The ancient Ndebele founder was Chief Mzilikazi. Mzilikazi led his men to the area around present-day Bulawayo, in the region known as Matabeleland. Most Ndebele live in villages, grow maize and other subsistence crops, and herd cattle. The Ndebele represent 15 percent of the population. They have recently become renowned for their artwork, including brightly colored geometric murals painted on the exteriors of their homes.


Wildlife Habitats

Most of Zimbabwe is covered with savanna grassland, and dotted with low masasa trees. The river valleys include baobab, acacia and teak trees. Many higher elevations contain dense forests, and patches of rain forest. Wildlife includes buffalo, elephant, hippos, lion, leopard, hyena, impala, giraffes, and baboons. Rhinoceros and cheetah are among a handful of endangered species.


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Thornicroft's Giraffe
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
This habitat features diversity of large mammal populations that make up the well-known savanna fauna. Much of the region remains sparsely settled and the resulting human population pressures are minimal.

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Bushfire
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands
This habitat of the Chimanimani Mountains supports a rich array of plants and animals, including some species that are restricted to a single mountain. The ecoregion supports large numbers of endemic grassland plants.

Wildlife Sightings

  • African Wild Dog. Also called the painted wolf. Highly social and great wanderers, a pack covers a huge area. (Endangered)
  • Antelope. Their success is due to dietary adaptations and social promiscuity. Large numbers ensure their continued survival.
  • Baboon. Large primates, highly social, very vocal, and live near tall trees or cliffs.
  • Cape Buffalo. Herds are fairly relaxed, and older males usually live away from the herd. Lone males are dangerous.
  • Cheetah. At top speed (up to 65 mph), a cheetah is the highlight of African wildlife viewing. Prey have adapted to their speed. (Endangered)
  • Crocodile. Africa's largest reptile (up to 19 feet, weighing over 2000 lbs). Stays submerged for up to 6 hours, lives up to 150 years.
  • Elephant. World's largest mammal and one of the most social. Older females decide where the herd eats, drinks and rests.
  • Giraffe. World's tallest mammal (up to 17 feet). Their markings dissipate heat, and they sleep standing.
  • Hippopotamus. Largest amphibious mammal in the region. They spend the day resting in water, and forage in the evening.
  • Hyena. One of the most fascinating, maligned animals in Africa. They are scavengers, and femailes dominate clan society.
  • Leopard. Africa's most common large cat. Also the most difficult to spot, they are stealthy, secretive and adaptable.
  • Lion. The greatest wildlife attraction in Africa, lions are easy to spot. They have few enemies, but still hunt mainly at night.
  • Ostrich. World's tallest birds (over 8 feet). They lay the biggest eggs, can run 30 mph for 30 minutes, and can kill with their feet.
  • Rhinoceros. Black Rhinos are more solitary and less relaxed than their white counterparts. Avoids open areas, prefers thick vegetation. (Endangered)
  • Vervet Monkey. Africa's most common monkey, they are terrestrial, and spend much time foraging.
  • Warthog. The butt of endless ridicule about its appearance, each homely feature actually has important survival value.
  • Wildebeest. Resembling a cross between a horse and goat, wildebeest are members of the antelope family, and form huge herds.
  • Zebra. The most recognized species in Africa (after the elephant), forming large herds. Stallions have harems of 4-10 mares.

Questions About Zimbabwe
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More Information

Africa Guide
Comprehensive country information, travel advice and climate charts.

Lonely Planet: Destinations
Your guide to unfamiliar places on the African continent.

Lonely Planet: Traveler Reports
Useful advice from travelers who have visited Africa.

World Wildlife Fund: Global Ecoregions
Fourteen major habitat types showing diversity of life on land.